From the History
of the Photoemulsion
Use of photographic emulsions for study of nuclear
particles began in 1896,
when H. Becquerel for the first time observed
a blackening of photoplates in
contact to salts of uranium.
In 1910 S. Kinoshita in laboratory of Rutherford
has shown, that the haloid particle becomes
capable to display, when in it
the alpha a particle hits.
In 1911 M. Reinganum has found out tracks of an alpha
particles as separate grains.
In 1912 W. Michl has seen these tracks of
length about 23 microns.
They contained approximately 8 grains.
In 1925 M. Blau
has shown, that the tracks in an emulsion
leave not only of alpha particle
but also protons.
In 1927. Misovsky and Cijov have made emulsions with
thickness of more than 50 microns.
In 1935 Aleksandr Pavlovich Jdanof
has shown, that the sensitivity of an
emulsion to prompt in that time to
protons depends on concentration AgBr
and from the sizes of grains.
In 1948 the
firm of Kodac has made an emulsion NT4
capable to file tracks with the minimum
ionization. Approximately in the same time in USSR
Konstantin Sergeevich Bogomolov
synthesized a photographic emulsion BR-2 with
sensitivity at 25-30 of
grains on 100 microns on tracks of particles
with the minimum ionosation.
Its industrial manufacture as pellicles by thickness
of 600 microns not on a
glass plate, and as chambers of volume up to two litres was adjusted.
The presence of a coordinat greed on each pellicle
ensured transition of the same track
from a pellicle to a pellicle.
Such technique is used and now.
The first
investigators used usual microscops
for biological examinations.
About 50 years
back many firms have begun to release special
microscops
for works with
nuclear photographic emulsions.
A factory "PROGRESS", and then and the firm
of LOMO in Leningrad has let out a series
of microscops for scanning (MBI-9) and
measurings in nuclear emulsions
(MBI-8, MIRE-1, MPE-11). In Russia and
short-range foreign countries
(Alma-Ata, Tashkent, Tbilisi, Yerevan,
Ulan-Bator) in basic are used
microscops with automatic writing of coordinates
of firms LOMO and Karl Zeiss.
Remembers about RIAN 1948-1950 years
Темная материя в фотоэмульсии
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